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The safety valve is a vital component in steam systems designed to prevent overpressure. It serves as a fail-safe mechanism that automatically releases steam when the pressure exceeds a predetermined limit. This is crucial because excessive pressure can lead to dangerous situations, including equipment failure, explosions, or injury to personnel.

The safety valve is spring-loaded, and its design allows it to open abruptly under high pressure and close once the pressure returns to safe levels. This ensures that the system remains within operational limits, thus protecting both the equipment and the people who work with the steam system. Regular testing and maintenance of the safety valve are essential to ensure its effectiveness in preventing overpressure conditions.

Other components like the pressure switch and temperature gauge play important roles in monitoring system status, but they do not have the direct function of relieving pressure. The flow control valve primarily manages the flow rate of steam within the system rather than responding to pressure levels specifically, which makes it less effective in preventing overpressure incidents.