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The function of an expansion tank in a hot water system is to manage thermal expansion. As water is heated, it expands, which can increase pressure within the system. An expansion tank acts as a buffer to accommodate this excess water volume and pressure, preventing potential damage to pipes, valves, and other components of the system. By absorbing the increased volume of water, the expansion tank helps maintain safe pressure levels throughout the system, ensuring efficient operation and extending the lifespan of the equipment.

While other options might seem plausible, they do not accurately describe the primary role of an expansion tank. It does not increase system pressure or store excess water in the same way a reservoir would; instead, it balances pressure changes due to thermal expansion. Additionally, an expansion tank is not designed for filtering impurities, as its purpose is focused on pressure management rather than filtration or storage.